Journal: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
Article Title: Specialized pro-resolving mediators in myocardial infarction: orchestrators of inflammation resolution and tissue repair
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2026.1728794
Figure Lengend Snippet: Integrated signaling mechanisms of SPMs during MI. SPMs, such as Lipoxins, Resolvins, and Maresins, regulate various cell functions in MI by acting on specific GPCRs. They inhibit neutrophil recruitment, reduce inflammatory infiltration and suppress BAX and caspase-3 mediated apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In macrophages, SPMs promote phenotypic switching, enhance efferocytosis and inhibit NF-κB activation through the JAK/STAT and AMPK/mTOR pathways, thereby reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and driving a reparative phenotype. In fibroblasts, SPMs modulate the TGF-β/Hippo signaling pathway to limit activation and ECM synthesis, preventing pathological scar formation. In cardiomyocytes, SPMs activate PI3K/AKT signaling to inhibit BAX- and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis, thereby protecting cell survival. Created in BioRender. Ya ting, J. (2026) https://BioRender.com/ejv7tbs , licensed under Academic License .
Article Snippet: Galectin-1 regulates leukocyte motility and T-cell apoptosis ( , ), whereas α-MSH promotes cytokine repression and immune tolerance through MC1R signaling ( ).
Techniques: Activation Assay